EU VAT rates 2026
Standard and reduced VAT rates for the 27 EU member states plus the UK, Norway, Switzerland, and Liechtenstein. Sourced from the official national tax administrations and the EU Commission VAT rates table.
Last reviewed 28 April 2026
Recent rate changes worth knowing
Several headline rates have changed since 2024. Reference tables published before then are wrong on at least four countries.
- Switzerland: standard rate raised from 7.7% to 8.1% on 1 January 2024. Reduced rate moved to 2.6% (was 2.5%) and special accommodation to 3.8% (was 3.7%).
- Estonia: standard rate raised from 20% to 22% on 1 January 2024. Scheduled to rise again to 24% on 1 July 2025 under the 2024 budget agreement.
- Finland: standard rate raised from 24% to 25.5% on 1 September 2024.
- Czechia: previous 10% and 15% reduced brackets consolidated into a single 12% reduced rate on 1 January 2024.
- Slovakia: standard rate raised from 20% to 23% with a new 19% rate introduced in 2025 under the consolidation package.
- Croatia: euro adopted on 1 January 2023, replacing the kuna. Rates unchanged numerically; invoices in kuna are pre-2023 records only.
EU-27 member states
| Country | Standard | Reduced | Local name |
|---|---|---|---|
| AustriaAT | 20% | 13% · 10% | Umsatzsteuer |
| BelgiumBE | 21% | 12% · 6% | Belasting over de toegevoegde waarde |
| BulgariaBG | 20% | 9% | Данък върху добавената стойност |
| CyprusCY | 19% | 9% · 5% | Φόρος Προστιθέμενης Αξίας |
| Czech RepublicCZ | 21% | 12% | Daň z přidané hodnoty |
| GermanyDE | 19% | 7% | Umsatzsteuer |
| DenmarkDK | 25% | None | Merværdiafgift |
| EstoniaEE | 22% | 9% | Käibemaks |
| SpainES | 21% | 10% · 4% | Impuesto sobre el Valor Añadido |
| FinlandFI | 25.5% | 14% · 10% | Arvonlisävero |
| FranceFR | 20% | 10% · 5.5% | Taxe sur la Valeur Ajoutée |
| GreeceEL | 24% | 13% · 6% | Φόρος Προστιθέμενης Αξίας |
| CroatiaHR | 25% | 13% · 5% | Porez na dodanu vrijednost |
| HungaryHU | 27% | 18% · 5% | Általános forgalmi adó |
| IrelandIE | 23% | 13.5% · 9% · 0% | Value Added Tax |
| ItalyIT | 22% | 10% · 4% | Imposta sul Valore Aggiunto |
| LithuaniaLT | 21% | 9% · 5% | Pridėtinės vertės mokestis |
| LuxembourgLU | 17% | 14% · 8% · 3% | Taxe sur la Valeur Ajoutée |
| LatviaLV | 21% | 12% · 5% | Pievienotās vērtības nodoklis |
| MaltaMT | 18% | 7% · 5% | Value Added Tax |
| NetherlandsNL | 21% | 9% | Belasting over de toegevoegde waarde |
| PolandPL | 23% | 8% · 5% | Podatek od towarów i usług |
| PortugalPT | 23% | 13% · 6% | Imposto sobre o Valor Acrescentado |
| RomaniaRO | 19% | 9% · 5% | Taxa pe Valoarea Adăugată |
| SwedenSE | 25% | 12% · 6% | Mervärdesskatt |
| SloveniaSI | 22% | 9.5% | Davek na dodano vrednost |
| SlovakiaSK | 23% | 10% | Daň z pridanej hodnoty |
United Kingdom and Northern Ireland
Post-Brexit, GB-prefixed numbers route through HMRC, not VIES. XI (Northern Ireland) numbers route through VIES for goods trade with the EU under the Windsor Framework.
| Country | Standard | Reduced | Local name |
|---|---|---|---|
| Northern IrelandXI | 20% | None | Value Added Tax |
| United KingdomGB | 20% | 5% · 0% | Value Added Tax |
Switzerland and Liechtenstein
Switzerland and Liechtenstein operate a customs and VAT union (since 1923). Both validate against the Swiss BFS UID register and apply the same headline rates.
| Country | Standard | Reduced | Local name |
|---|---|---|---|
| SwitzerlandCH | 8.1% | 3.8% · 2.6% | Mehrwertsteuer |
Norway and EEA
Norway and Liechtenstein are in the European Economic Area but outside the EU. EU intra-Community supply rules do not apply; supplies to NO and LI are treated as exports under EU VAT.
| Country | Standard | Reduced | Local name |
|---|---|---|---|
| LiechtensteinLI | 8.1% | 3.8% · 2.6% | Mehrwertsteuer |
| NorwayNO | 25% | 15% · 12% | Merverdiavgift |
How to use these rates in code
Hardcoding rates as constants will go stale within 12 to 18 months on average. The vatverify API exposes rates as a versioned dataset with a date-aware lookup endpoint.
# Get the current standard rate for Germany
curl https://api.vatverify.dev/v1/rates/de \
-H "Authorization: Bearer $VATVERIFY_API_KEY"
# Returns:
# {
# "data": {
# "country": "DE",
# "standard_rate": 19,
# "reduced_rates": [{ "rate": 7, "applies_to": "..." }],
# "as_of": "2026-04-28"
# }
# }For interactive use, see the VAT calculator. For per-country format, registry, and validation detail see the country pages.
Validate any of these countries in three lines
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